Quick Search
  Home Journal Information Current Issue Past Issues Services Contact Us  
Vol 10, No 4
Vol 10, No 4 November 2014 ISSN 1708-8569
 
Review articles
Original articles
Brief report
Case reports
Clinical image
   
Review articles:
Wernicke encephalopathy in children and adolescents
  Matt Lallas, Jay Desai
 
Wernicke encephalopathy in children and adolescents
 
Matt Lallas, Jay Desai
California, USA
 
 
Author Affiliations: Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, California, USA (Lallas M); Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, California, USA (Desai J)
 
Corresponding Author: Jay Desai, MD, 4650 Sunset Boulevard # 82, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA (Tel: 323-361-2471; Fax: 323-361-1109; Email: jdesai@chla.usc.edu)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0506-9
 
 
Background: Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. It is generally considered to be a disease of adult alcoholics. However, it is known to occur in the pediatric population and in non-alcoholic conditions.
 
Data sources: We searched PubMed with the key words Wernicke, thiamine, pediatric, children and adolescents and selected publications that were deemed appropriate.
 
Results: The global prevalence rates of hunger, poverty and resultant nutrient deprivation have decreased in the 21st century. However, several scenarios which may predispose to Wernicke encephalopathy may be increasingly prevalent in children and adolescents such as malignancies, intensive care unit stays and surgical procedures for the treatment of obesity. Other predisposing conditions include magnesium deficiency and defects in the SLC19A3 gene causing thiamine transporter-2 deficiency. The classic triad consists of encephalopathy, oculomotor dysfunction and gait ataxia but is not seen in a majority of patients. Treatment should be instituted immediately when the diagnosis is suspected clinically without waiting for laboratory confirmation. Common magnetic resonance findings include symmetric T2 hyperintensities in dorsal medial thalamus, mammillary bodies, periaqueductal gray matter, and tectal plate.
 
Conclusions: Wernicke encephalopathy is a medical emergency. Delay in its recognition and treatment may lead to significant morbidity, irreversible neurological damage or even death. This article aims to raise the awareness of this condition among pediatricians.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):293-298
 
Key words: ataxia;
                   ophthalmoplegia;
                   thiamine;
                   vitamin B1;
                   Wernicke encephalopathy
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Complementary and alternative medicine in pediatrics in Turkey
  CandanOzturk, HulyaKaratas, Alfred Längler, Tim Sch¨¹tze, Rebekka Bailey,
 
Complementary and alternative medicine in pediatrics in Turkey
 
Candan Ozturk, Hulya Karatas, Alfred Längler, Tim Sch¨¹tze, Rebekka Bailey,
Tycho Jan Zuzak
Herdecke, Germany
 
Author Affiliations: Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Head of Nursing Department, Istanbul, Turkey (Ozturk C); Harran University, School of Health, Pediatric Nursing Department, Sanliurfa Turkiye (Karatas H); Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus, Department for Integrative Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Herdecke, Germany (Längler A, Zuzak TJ); University of Witten/Herdecke, Faculty of Health, Centre for Integrative Medicine, Witten, Germany (Längler A, Sch¨¹tze T, Bailey R); University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Essen, Germany (Zuzak TJ)
 
Corresponding Author: Tycho Jan Zuzak, Department for Integrative Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Gerhard Kienle Weg 4, 58313 Herdecke, Germany (Tel: +49 2330 62 0; Fax: +49 2330 62 4744; Email: t.zuzak@gemeinschaftskrankenhaus.de)
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0507-8
 
Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is applied both to children and adults widely throughout the world. A previous pan-European survey showed a surprisingly high CAM-use in Turkish children. This review aimed to survey information on the use of CAM in pediatrics in Turkey.
 
Data sources: A narrative, non-systematic review was conducted by melding expert opinions with a thorough and balanced review of available evidence. An unrestricted literature search using the key words, "alternative", "complementary", "integrative", "prevalence" and "pediatric" or "children" and "Turkey" was performed by internet search in March, 2012 using PubMed and Google Scholar.
 
Results: CAM use was examined in general pediatrics, pediatric oncology, patients with asthma, and patients with diabetes. A frequency of CAM use was 87% in Turkish pediatric patients, with a mean of 60%. The primary sources of information about CAM are family and friends. Communication with patients/parents and health care professionals showed that most parents do not speak about CAM use with their physicians or nurses.
 
Conclusions: CAM is extensively used in Turkish pediatric patients. This might be due to Turkey's status as a developing country in which a traditional medical system still dominates in comparison to developed countries. Thus, larger studies are required to prove an extensive use of CAM in Turkey, as this review article does not have the capacity for in-depth analysis. Knowledge about CAM and its related topics is essential for physicians and nurses in order to meet the patients' wish for a competent consultation concerning all aspects of a possible therapy.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):299-305
 
Key words: acupuncture;
                   alternative medicine;
                   herbal medicine;
                   homeopathy;
                   mind-body
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Ontogeny of the mammalian kidney: expression of aquaporins 1, 2, 3, and 4
  Lu Xing, Jian-Guo Wen, Jørgen Frøkiær, Jens Christian Djurhuus, Rikke Nørregaard
 
Ontogeny of the mammalian kidney: expression of aquaporins 1, 2, 3, and 4
 
Lu Xing, Jian-Guo Wen, Jørgen Frøkiær, Jens Christian Djurhuus, Rikke Nørregaard
Aarhus, Denmark
 
Author Affiliations: Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (Xing L, Frøkiær J, Djurhuus JC, Nørregaard R); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pediatric Urodynamic Center, Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (Wen JG)
 
Corresponding Author: Rikke Nørregaard, PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark (Tel: 45-7845-9052; Email: rn@clin.au.dk)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0508-7
 
Background: Determining the expression and functions of aquaporins (AQPs) in the adult kidney has generated important information about the roles of this protein family in the renal regulation of water homeostasis. However, limited information describes the expression of AQPs in fetal kidneys, and most reports on fetal renal AQPs originate from animal studies. Although there are the maturation and regulation of the renal-concentrating mechanism, the ways in which changes in the expression of AQPs contribute to the formation of urine during the perinatal period remain unclear.
 
Data sources: This review summarizes current knowledge about the spatial and temporal expression patterns of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, and AQP4 in the fetal and postnatal kidneys in different animal species and in human beings.
 
Results: AQP1 and AQP2 expression can be detected earlier in gestation in human beings and sheep compared with mice and rats. AQP1 expression is detected earlier in the proximal tubules than the expression of AQP2, AQP3, and AQP4 in the collecting ducts.
 
Conclusion: Further studies investigating the regulation of AQPs during kidney development may provide insights into normal water-handling mechanisms and the pathophysiology of fetal kidneys, which may determine new directions for the clinical treatment of kidney diseases.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):306-312
 
Key words: aquaporin;
           developing kidney;
           fetal
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Original articles:
Topical treatment with propranolol gel as a supplement to the existing treatment of hemangiomas
  Markus Schneider, Andreas Reimer, Hansjoerg Cremer, Peter Ruef
 
Topical treatment with propranolol gel as a supplement to the existing treatment of hemangiomas
 
Markus Schneider, Andreas Reimer, Hansjoerg Cremer, Peter Ruef
Heilbronn, Germany
 
 
Author Affiliations: Children's Hospital Heilbronn (Schneider M, Cremer H, Ruef P); Hospital Heilbronn, 74074 Heilbronn, Germany (Reimer A)
 
Corresponding Author: Markus Schneider, MD, SLK-Klinikum am Gesundbrunnen, Klinik f¨¹r Kinder- & Jugendmedizin/Perinatalzentrum Heilbronn, Am Gesundbrunnen 20-26, Germany (Tel: +49-7131-49-3702; Fax: +49-7131-49-3709; Email: markus.schneider@slk-kliniken.de)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0509-6
 
 
Background: Systemic treatment with propranolol is proven to be effective for patients with hemangiomas with less side-effect. We used a propranolol gel for topical use on hemangiomas.
 
Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 148 patients who had been treated topically with propranolol gel for 12 weeks. We analyzed the data of patients and clinically gave each hemangioma a "hemangioma score" to determine the treatment success.
 
Results: In 147 of the 148 patients, strong signs of resolution under treatment included lightening, paling, and less vascularization. The hemangioma score showed a significant decrease during the treatment. Relevant serum levels of propranolol were not found. Adverse effects were rare and not related to propranolol.
 
Conclusion: Topical treatment with propranolol gel is suitable for specific hemangiomas in addition to cryotherapy and systemic treatment with propranolol.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):313-317
 
Key words: hemangioma;
           hemangioma score;
           propranolol;
           propranolol gel;
           topical treatment
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Anthropometric assessment of a Middle Eastern group of autistic children
  Nagwa A Meguid, Wafaa A Kandeel, Khaled E Wakeel, Aly A El-Nofely
 
Anthropometric assessment of a Middle Eastern group of autistic children
 
Nagwa A Meguid, Wafaa A Kandeel, Khaled E Wakeel, Aly A El-Nofely
Cairo, Egypt
 
Author Affiliations: Department of Research on Children with Special Needs, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt (Meguid NA); Department of Biological Anthropology, NRC, Cairo, Egypt (Kandeel WA, Wakeel KE, El-Nofely AA)
 
Corresponding Author:Nagwa A Meguid, MD, Human Genetics, Research on Children with Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Tahrir street, Cairo, Egypt (Tel: 0201223316372; Fax: 202 37601877; Email: meguidna@yahoo.com)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0510-0
 
Background: Growth abnormalities are uniquely associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, the extent to which growth abnormalities are present has hardly been investigated. The current study aims to compare the differences in anthropometric parameters in a group of autistic Egyptian children and the healthy normal population.
 
Methods: We recruited 100 children with ASD from the Outpatient Clinic for "Autistic Children" at the Medical Research Hospital of Excellence, National Research Centre in Cairo, Egypt. They were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria of the American Psychiatric Association, Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, and Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Of these children at age of 3-10 years, 71 were males and 29 females. Eight anthropometric parameters were assessed in view of data of the healthy Egyptians of pertinent sex and age.
 
Results: Weight and body mass index increased because of a significant increase in subcutaneous fat thickness. This tendency with a probable decrease in muscle mass was more evident in male or in older children, likely resulting from sedentary life style and food selectivity.
 
Conclusions: The Z head circumference score and its variance significantly increased especially in males or older children, suggesting the relative overgrowth of the brain in a substantial percentage of Egyptian children with autism. We concluded that increased fat composition in Egyptian autistic children with decreased muscle mass necessitates tailoring a specially designed food supplementation program to ameliorate the severity of autism symptoms.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):318-323
 
Key words: anthropometry;
           autism spectrum disorders;
           Egypt;
           growth
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Transient occult cardiotoxicity in children receiving continuous beta-agonist therapy
  Christopher L Carroll, Melinda Coro, Allison Cowl, Kathleen A Sala, Craig M Schramm
 
 
Christopher L Carroll, Melinda Coro, Allison Cowl, Kathleen A Sala, Craig M Schramm
Hartford, CT, USA
 
Author Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA (Carroll CL, Coro M, Cowl A, Sala KA, Schramm CM)
 
Corresponding Author: Christopher L Carroll, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, USA (Tel: 860 545-9805; Fax: 860 545-9800; Email: ccarrol@ccmckids.org)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0467-z
 
Background: Continuous beta-agonist therapy, typically in the form of inhaled albuterol, is the first line therapy for the treatment of acute and severe bronchospasm in children. Although this treatment is commonly used, concerns about cardiotoxicity have been raised. We aimed to investigate the cardiotoxic effects of continuous beta-agonist therapy in children.
 
Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of children admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between May 2008 and April 2009, who were treated with continuous beta-agonist therapy (intravenous and nebulized).
 
Results: Twenty of the 36 children treated with continuous albuterol had repeated serum troponin-T and lactate levels measured. Eleven patients (55%) were also treated with continuous intravenous terbutaline. Elevated levels of troponin-T levels were found in 25% of children, and elevated lactate levels were found in 60%. However, all returned to normal levels within 48 hours of ICU admission, despite continued beta-agonist therapy. No children experienced arrhythmias during therapy. There was no association between intravenous terbutaline use and elevated troponin-T [odds ratio (OR), 1.3; 95% CI, 0.2-10.3] or with elevated serum lactate (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1-3.7). There was also no association between elevated troponin-T or lactate and ICU or hospital length of stay.
 
Conclusions: In this small study, a significant proportion of children had elevated serum troponin-T and lactate levels while receiving inhaled continuous beta-agonist therapy, irrespective of intravenous therapy. However, these abnormal values all returned to normal within 48 hours of ICU admission and were not associated with increased duration of hospitalization.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):324-329
Key words: asthma;
           beta-agonist;
           pediatric
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Increased risk of emergency hospital admissions for children with renal diseases during heatwaves in Brisbane, Australia
  Xiao-Yu Wang, Adrian Barnett, Yu-Ming Guo, Wei-Wei Yu, Xiao-Ming Shen, Shi-Lu Tong
 
Increased risk of emergency hospital admissions for children with renal diseases during heatwaves in Brisbane, Australia
 
Xiao-Yu Wang, Adrian Barnett, Yu-Ming Guo, Wei-Wei Yu, Xiao-Ming Shen, Shi-Lu Tong
Shanghai, China
 
 
Author Affiliations: School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (Wang XY, Barnett A, Guo YM, Yu WW, Tong SL); MOE Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Children's Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Shen XM)
 
Corresponding Author: Shi-Lu Tong, School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia (Tel: +61-7-3138 9745; Fax: +61-7-3138 3369; Email: s.tong@qut.edu.au)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0469-x
 
 
Background:Heatwaves have a significant impact on population health including both morbidity and mortality. In this study we examined the association between heatwaves and emergency hospital admissions (EHAs) for renal diseases in children (aged 0-14 years) in Brisbane, Australia.
 
Methods: Daily data on EHAs for renal diseases in children and exposure to temperature and air pollution were obtained for Brisbane city from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2005. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to compare the risks for renal diseases between heatwave and non-heatwave periods.
 
Results: There were 1565 EHAs for renal diseases in children during the study period. Heatwaves exhibited a significant impact on EHAs for renal diseases in children after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio: 3.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.4-9.5). The risk estimates differed with lags and the use of different heatwave definitions.
 
Conclusions: There was a significant increase in EHAs for renal diseases in children during heatwaves in Brisbane, a subtropical city where people are well accustomed to warm weather. This finding may have significant implications for pediatric renal care, particularly in subtropical and tropical regions.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):330-335
 
Key words: climate change;
           environmental health;
           hot temperature;
           renal diseases
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Upper arm composition and nutritional status of school children and adolescents in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria
  Idowu Odunayo Senbanjo, Kazeem Adeola Oshikoya, Olisamedua Fidelis Njokanma
 
Upper arm composition and nutritional status of school children and adolescents in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria
 
Idowu Odunayo Senbanjo, Kazeem Adeola Oshikoya, Olisamedua Fidelis Njokanma
Lagos, Nigeria
 
 
Author Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Lagos State University College of Medicine, PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos State 100001, Nigeria (Senbanjo IO, Njokanma OF); Pharmacology Department, Lagos State University College of Medicine, PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria (Oshikoya KA); Academic Division of Child Health, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Derbyshire Children's Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK (Oshikoya KA)
 
Corresponding Author: Idowu Odunayo Senbanjo, Pediatric Gastro-enterology/Hepatology/Nutrition Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Lagos State University College of Medicine, PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos 100001, Nigeria (Tel: +234-08067777363; Email: senbanjo001@yahoo.com)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0470-4
 
 
Background: Upper arm composition is a reflection of body protein and calorie reserves.  However, there is a paucity of data on upper arm composition of children from African countries, including Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the composition of upper arm and nutritional status of school children in Abeokuta, Nigeria and to compare with international reference standards. The sensitivity and specificity of upper arm muscle area by height (UAMAH) as a nutritional assessment tool was also determined.
 
Methods: Five hundred and seventy children aged 5 to 19 years were selected from seven schools using multi-stage random sampling. Weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skin fold thickness (TSF) were measured. Body mass index, upper arm muscle area (UAMA), upper arm fat area (UAFA), fat percentage and UAMAH were derived.
 
Results: The TSF, UAFA and fat percentage were significantly higher in females than males at each age group. MUAC and UAMA were significantly higher in female children aged 10-14 years, whereas UAMA was significantly higher in male children aged 15-19 years. UAMA and UAFA of the children were lower than those of Americans but similar to those of Zimbabweans, and higher than those of Indians. The sensitivity and specificity of UAMAH for detecting wasting were 80.8% and 63.9%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for stunting were 32.2% and 58.2%, respectively.
 
Conclusions: The school children studied have a combination of poor calorie and protein reserve. UAMAH may be a valuable tool for complete evaluation of the nutritional status of school children.
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):336-342
 
Key words: nutritional status;
           school children;
           upper arm fat;
           upper arm muscle
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Hemoglobin cut-off values in healthy Turkish infants
  Ahmet Arvas, EmelG¨¹r, DurmuşDoğan
 
Hemoglobin cut-off values in healthy Turkish infants
 
Ahmet Arvas, EmelG¨¹r, DurmuşDoğan
Istanbul, Turkey
 
Author Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey (Arvas A, G¨¹r E, Doğan D)
 
Corresponding Author: Ahmet Arvas, Department of Pediatrics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, PK. 34303, Cerrahpasa-Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey (Tel: +90 212 4143000/21475; Fax: +90 212 4143177; Email: aarvas@istanbul.edu.tr)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0468-y
 
Background: Anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to determine the cut-off value of hemoglobin for infant anemia.
 
Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out at well-baby clinics of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 1484 healthy infants aged between 4 to 24 months were included in the study. The relationship of hemoglobin (Hb) levels with mother age, birth weight, weight gain rate, feeding, and gender was evaluated.
 
Results: The Hb levels were assessed in four age groups (4 months, 6 months, 9-12 months, and 15-24 months) and the cut-off values of Hb were determined. Hb cut-off values (5th percentile for age) were detected as 97 g/L and 93 g/L at 4 months and 6 months, respectively. In older infants, the 5th percentile was 90.5 g/L and 93.4 g/L at 9-12 months and 15-24 months, respectively. The two values were lower than the World Health Organization criteria for anemia, which could partly due to the lack of information on iron status in our population. However, this difference highlights the need for further studies on normal Hb levels in healthy infants in developing countries. Hb levels of females were higher in all age groups; however, a statistically significant difference was found in gender in only 6 month-old infants. No statistically significant difference was found among Hb levels, mother's age, birth weight, weight gain rate, and nutritional status.
 
Conclusion:Hb cut-off values in infants should be re-evaluated and be compatible with growth and development of children in that community.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):343-347
 
Key words: cut-off value;
           hemoglobin;
           infant
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Novel and functional DNA sequence variants within the GATA5 gene promoter in ventricular septal defects
  Ji-Ping Shan, Xiao-Li Wang, Yuan-Gang Qiao, Hong-Xin Wan Yan, Wen-Hui Huang, Shu-Chao Pang, Bo Yan
 
Novel and functional DNA sequence variants within the GATA5 gene promoter in ventricular septal defects
 
Ji-Ping Shan, Xiao-Li Wang, Yuan-Gang Qiao, Hong-Xin Wan Yan, Wen-Hui Huang, Shu-Chao Pang, Bo Yan
Jining, China
 
Author Affiliations: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University (Shan JP, Qiao YG, Wan Yan HX, Huang WH, Pang SC, Yan B); Division of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University (Wang XL); Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (Yan B)
 
Corresponding Author: Bo Yan, MD, PhD, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, 79 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, China (Tel: +86-0537-2903579; Fax: +86-0537-2213030; Email: yanbo@mail.jnmc.edu.cn; yanbmd@gmail.com)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0511-z
 
Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common human birth defect. Genetic causes for CHD remain largely unknown. GATA transcription factor 5 (GATA 5) is an essential regulator for the heart development. Mutations in the GATA5 gene have been reported in patients with a variety of CHD. Since misregulation of gene expression have been associated with human diseases, we speculated that changed levels of cardiac transcription factors, GATA5, may mediate the development of CHD.
 
Methods: In this study, GATA5 gene promoter was genetically and functionally analyzed in large cohorts of patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) (n=343) and ethnic-matched healthy controls (n=348).
 
Results: Two novel and heterozygous DNA sequence variants (DSVs), g.61051165A>G and g.61051463delC, were identified in three VSD patients, but not in the controls. In cultured cardiomyocytes, GATA5 gene promoter activities were significantly decreased by DSV g.61051165A>G and increased by DSV g.61051463delC. Moreover, fathers of the VSD patients carrying the same DSVs had reduced diastolic function of left ventricles. Three SNPs, g.61051279C>T (rs77067995), g.61051327A>C (rs145936691) and g.61051373G>A (rs80197101), and one novel heterozygous DSV, g.61051227C>T, were found in both VSD patients and controls with similar frequencies.
 
Conclusion: Our data suggested that the DSVs in the GATA5 gene promoter may increase the susceptibility to the development of VSD as a risk factor.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):348-353
 
Key words: congenital heart disease;
           GATA5 promoter;
           ventricular septal defect
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Antenatal use of bosentan and/or sildenafil attenuates pulmonary features in rats with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
  Mar¨ªa de Lourdes Lemus-Varela, Amed Soliz, Belinda Claudia G¨®mez-Meda, Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez, Jos¨¦ Manuel Ornelas-Aguirre, Valery Melnikov, Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza, Guillermo Mois¨¦s Z¨²ñiga-Gonz¨¢lez
 
Antenatal use of bosentan and/or sildenafil attenuates pulmonary features in rats with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
 
 
Mar¨ªa de Lourdes Lemus-Varela, Amed Soliz, Belinda Claudia G¨®mez-Meda, Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez, Jos¨¦ Manuel Ornelas-Aguirre, Valery Melnikov, Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza, Guillermo Mois¨¦s Z¨²ñiga-Gonz¨¢lez
Guadalajara, M¨¦xico
 
 
Author Affiliations: Division of Neonatology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Pediatric Hospital, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M¨¦xico (Lemus-Varela ML); Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Neonatology, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami FLD, USA (Soliz A); Molecular Biology in Medicine Institute, Molecular Biology and Genomic Department, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M¨¦xico (G¨®mez-Meda BC, Zamora-Perez AL); Odontology Research Institute, Integrated Odontology Clinic Department, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M¨¦xico (Zamora-Perez AL); Pathology Department, High Specialty Medical Unit, North-western National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Ciudad Obreg¨®n, Sonora, M¨¦xico (Ornelas-Aguirre JM); School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, M¨¦xico (Melnikov V); Division of Neurosciences, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute and Department of Clinics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M¨¦xico (Torres-Mendoza BM); Mutagenesis Laboratory, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M¨¦xico (Z¨²ñiga-Gonz¨¢lez GM)
 
Corresponding Author: Guillermo Mois¨¦s Z¨²ñiga-Gonz¨¢lez, PhD, Laboratorio de Mutag¨¦nesis, Centro de Investigaci¨®n Biom¨¦dica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, Colonia Independencia, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M¨¦xico (Tel: +52(33)36683000 ext 31937, Fax: +52(33)36181756; Email: mutagenesis95@hotmail.com)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0512-y
 
 
Background: Lung hypoplasia, pulmonary persistent hypertension of the newborn and its morphological changes are the main features in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This study was undertaken to investigate if antenatal use of sildenafil and/or bosentan attenuates vascular remodeling, promotes branching, and improves alveolarization in experimental nitrofen-induced CDH.
 
Methods: Nitrofen (100 mg) was gavage-fed to pregnant rats at post conception day (PCD) 9 to induce CDH. The rats were randomized to 5 groups: 1) control; 2) nitrofen; 3) nitrofen+sildenafil 100 mg/kg per day at PCD 16-20; 4) nitrofen+bosentan 30 mg/kg per day, at PCD 16-20, and 5) nitrofen+bosentan+sildenafil, same doses and administration days. After cesarean delivery, the offsprings were sacrificed. The diaphragmatic defect and pulmonary hypoplasia were identified, and the lungs were dissected. Arterial wall thickness, bronchiolar density and alveolarization were assessed.
 
Results: The offsprings with CDH were characterized by severe pulmonary hypoplasia (lung weight-to-body weight ratio: 0.0263 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0242-0.0278)] in the nitrofen group versus 0.0385 (95% CI 0.0355-0.0424) in the control group (P=0.0001). Pulmonary arterial wall thickness was decreased to 3.0 (95% CI 2.8-3.7) µm in the nitrofen+sildenafil group versus 5.0 (95% CI 4.1-4.9) µm in the nitrofen group (P=0.02). Terminal bronchioles increased to 13.7 (95% CI 10.7-15.2) µm in the nitrofen+bosentan group in contrast to 8.7 (95% CI 7.2-9.4) µm in the nitrofen group (P=0.002). More significant differences (P=0.0001) were seen in terminal bronchioles in the nitrofen+sildenafil+bosentan group than in the nitrofen group [14.0 (95% CI 12.5-15.4) µm versus 8.5 (95% CI 7.1-9.3) µm]. Pulmonary arterial wall thickness was also decreased in the former group.
 
Conclusions: In this rat model, antenatal treatment with sildenafil attenuates vascular remodeling. Bosentan promotes the development of terminal bronchioles in nitrofen-induced CDH.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):354-359
 
Key words: antenatal treatment;
           bosentan;
           congenital diaphragmatic hernia;
           pulmonary hypoplasia;
           sildenafil
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Brief report:
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized infants
  Xiao-Bo Zhang, Li-Juan Liu, Li-Ling Qian, Gao-Li Jiang, Chuan-Kai Wang, Pin Jia, Peng Shi, Jin Xu, Li-Bo Wang
 
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized infants
 
Xiao-Bo Zhang, Li-Juan Liu, Li-Ling Qian, Gao-Li Jiang, Chuan-Kai Wang, Pin Jia, Peng Shi, Jin Xu, Li-Bo Wang
Shanghai, China
 
Author Affiliations: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China (Zhang XB, Liu LJ, Qian LL, Jiang GL, Wang CK, Jia P, Shi P, Xu J, Wang LB)
 
Corresponding Author: Li-Bo Wang, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China (Email: wanglbc@163.com)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0513-x
 
 
Background: To investigate the clinical characteristics and analyze risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in hospitalized infants with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs).
 
Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of infants with RSV-associated ALRIs between March 1st, 2011 and February 29th, 2012 was conducted. Subjects were followed up over the phone or by outpatient visit six and twelve months after discharge.
 
Results: Among 913 RSV-associated ALRIs infants, 288 (31.5%) had severe infections, which accounted for 4.2% of hospitalized children. The hospital RSV mortality rate was 1.0%. The proportions of cases with tachypnea, apnea, cyanosis, and fine rales were significantly higher in the severe ALRIs group (all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that low-birth-weight [1.698 (1.028-2.805)], age less than 3 months old [3.385 (2.174-5.271)], congenital heart disease [1.667 (1.149-2.418)], bronchopulmonary dysplasia [8.505 (1.731-41.780)], and airway abnormalities [2.246 (1.008-5.005)] were independent risk factors for severe ALRIs. The incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia and readmission in the severe group was significantly higher than that of the non-severe group during the one-year follow-up (all P<0.001).
 
Conclusions: Younger age, low birth weight and underlying disease are associated with severe RSV-associated ALRIs. Furthermore, severe RSV infections may be associated with a higher frequency of subsequent bronchitis, pneumonia and re-hospitalization in the following year.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):360-364
 
Key words: infant;
           respiratory infectious diseases;
           respiratory syncytial virus
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Case reports:
Cutaneous bronchogenic cyst in the left scapular region
  Jian Sun, Ting Yuan, Huan Deng
 
Cutaneous bronchogenic cyst in the left scapular region
of a boy
 
Jian Sun, Ting Yuan, Huan Deng
Nanchang, China
 
Author Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (Sun J, Yuan T, Deng H); Renmin Institute of Forensic Medicine, Nanchang, China (Deng H)
 
Corresponding Author: Huan Deng, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, 133 South Guangchang Road, Nanchang, Nanchang 330003, China (Tel: +86 791 87022537; Email: beandeng@hotmail.com)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0514-9
 
 
Background: Scapular bronchogenic cyst (SBC) is rare.
 
Methods: A sinus on a boy's left scapula was excised.
 
Results: Histopathological analysis showed the epithelium with scattered PAS-positive goblet cells was positive for CEA and CK7.
 
Conclusion: SBC should be suspected of a superficial scapular skin lesion in children.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):365-367
 
Key words: bronchogenic cyst;
           immunohistochemistry;
           scapula
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Imaging findings of multiple infantile hepatic hemangioma associated with cardiac insufficiency
  Jing-Jing Ye, Yin-Can Shao, Qiang Shu
 
Imaging findings of multiple infantile hepatic hemangioma associated with cardiac insufficiency
 
Jing-Jing Ye, Yin-Can Shao, Qiang Shu
Hangzhou, China
 
Author Affiliations: Department of Ultrasonography (Ye JJ) and Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery (Shu Q), Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Therapy of Neonatal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education; Department of Surgery, 117 of the People's Liberation Army Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China (Shao YC)
 
Corresponding Author:Qiang Shu, Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery,  Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Xiang, Yanan Road, Hangzhou 310003, China (Tel: 86-571-87078641; Fax: 86-571-87078641; Email: shuqiang@zju.edu.cn)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0515-8
 
Background: Infantile hepatic hemangioma (IHH) as a benign liver tumor in infancy and childhood is commonly associated with high output cardiac failure. The present study aims to describe the imaging findings in a patient who was diagnosed as having multiple IHH with congestive cardiac insufficiency.
 
Methods: The imaging findings and clinical manifestations of the patient with multiple IHH associated with cardiac insufficiency were retrospectively reviewed.
 
Results: Ultrasonography showed multiple intrahepatic lesions with mixed echoes and markedly expanded hepatic veins and the inferior vena cava of the patient. Echocardiography revealed right heart insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed early mild enhancement of lesions and more obvious delayed enhancement. The patient died after combined therapy of surgery and hormone.
 
Conclusions: The imaging findings of multiple IHH associated with cardiac insufficiency are typical and diagnostic. Early imaging assessment may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):368-370
 
Key words: congestive;
           echocardiography;
           heart failure;
           infantile hepatic hemangioma
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Mesalamine treatment mimicking relapse in a child with ulcerative colitis
  Iva Hojsak, Ana M Pavić, SanjaKolaček
 
Mesalamine treatment mimicking relapse in a child with ulcerative colitis
Iva Hojsak, Ana M Pavić, SanjaKolaček
Zagreb, Croatia
 
Author Affiliations: Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia (Hojsak I, MočićPavić A, Kolaček S); University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia (Hojsak I, Kolaček S)
 
Corresponding Author: Iva Hojsak, MD, PhD, Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Klaićeva 16, Zagreb, Croatia (Tel: +385-1-4600130; Fax: +385-1-4600160; Email: ivahojsak@gmail.com)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0485-x
 
Background: There are reports on mesalamine-induced bloody diarrhea mimicking ulcerative colitis (UC) relapse, mostly in adults.
 
Methods: Herein we present a case of a child with UC who developed relapse of hemorrhagic colitis related to mesalamine.
 
Results: A 10-year-old girl developed severe symptoms mimicking UC relapse 3 weeks after introduction of mesalamine therapy. After mesalamine was withdrawn, her symptoms improved, but deteriorated again during the challenge of mesalamine despite concomitant use of corticosteroids.
 
Conclusion: This is the first case report on such a young child during the concomitant use of corticosteroids.
 
World J Pediatr 2014;10(4):371-373
 
 
Key words: 5-aminosalicylic acid;
           mesalamine;
           ulcerative colitis
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Clinical image:
Moyamoya disease associated with aortic coarctation
  You-Min Zheng, Chun-Hong Xie, Fang-Qi Gong
 
Moyamoya disease associated with aortic coarctation
 
You-Min Zheng, Chun-Hong Xie, Fang-Qi Gong
Hangzhou, China
 
Author Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China (Zheng YM, Xie CH, Gong FQ); Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai 317000, China (Zheng YM)
 
Corresponding Author: Chun-Hong Xie, 57 Zhuganxiang, Hangzhou 310003, China (Tel: 86-571-88873691; Fax: 86-571-87033296; Email: xch_hz@hotmail.com)
 
doi: 10.1007/s12519-014-0516-7
  [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
   
 
 
 
World Journal of Pediatric Surgery
roger vivier bags 美女 美女

Home  |  Journal Information  |  Current Issue  |  Past Issues  |  Journal Information  |  Contact Us
Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
Copyright 2007  www.wjpch.com  All Rights Reserved Designed by eb