Author Affiliations: Department of Pediatric Oncology (Yang C) and Department of Pediatric Urology (Liu X, Wei GH), Children's Hospital,  Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China 

Corresponding Author: Guang-Hui Wei, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China (Tel: +86-23-63631928; Fax: +86-23-63622754; Email: ghwei@mail.chcmu.com)

doi:10.1007/s12519-009-0060-z

Background: Few studies on foreskin development and the practice of circumcision have been done in Chinese boys. This study aimed to determine the natural development process of foreskin in children.

Methods: A total of 10 421 boys aged 0 to 18 years were studied. The condition of foreskin was classified into type I (phimosis), type II (partial phimosis), type III (adhesion of prepuce), type IV (normal), and type V (circumcised). Other abnormalities of the genitalia were also determined.

Results: The incidence of a completely retractile foreskin increased from 0% at birth to 42.26% in adolescence; however, the phimosis rate decreased with age from 99.7% to 6.81%. Other abnormalities included web penis, concealed penis, cryptorchidism, hydrocele, micropenis, inguinal hernia, and hypospadias.

Conclusions: Incomplete separation of foreskin is common in children. Since it is a natural phenomenon to approach the adult condition until puberty, circumcision should be performed with cautions in children.

Key words: abnormalities; circumcision; external genitalia; foreskin

                 World J Pediatr 2009;5(4):312-315